DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSLATION SERVICES

SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATION

As a sub-group of technical translation, as its name indicates, scientific translation deals with documents in the domain of science: articles, theses, papers, congress booklets, presentations, study reports etc.

FINANCIAL TRANSLATION

Financial or economic translation, of course, deals with documentation relating to the likes of financial, banking, and stock exchange activity. This includes company annual reports, financial statements, financial contracts, financing packages, and so forth.

Commercial Translation

This type of translation necessitates a translator to possess specialized skills, like knowledge of the business jargon, and the industry to which the business belongs. The types of texts in the translation of commercial documents could include business correspondence, reports, tender documents, company accounts, memos and so on. Sometimes, this could overlap with legal translation if the company handles legal paperwork.

Judicial Translation

Yes, this type of translation is different from legal translation; the latter is about translating legal documents – which could be very old too. But when we talk about judicial translation, we basically refer to the activity of translating court documents like depositions, minutes of meetings, expert testimonies, witness testimonies, judgments, letters rogatory, interviews and more – basically, activities related to cases.

General Translation

General translations are less complicated and the language used is not high level (sometimes called layman’s terms). In general translation, there is no specific or technical terminology used. Although these are simpler, they typically are still not suitable for using a free translation tool.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Evaluation Of Television Technology

Amongst many technologies, Television is also the one that has evolved rapidly in 20^th century as a result of market competition. This evolution has come a way long from huge boxes to flat screens with high definition display, which give more colourful experience than reality itself.

In early 1940s, people enjoyed Black and White Television which worked merely on the basis of white phosphor coated screen which represented an image, when an electron beam painted that image on it resulting into a black and white image. Later on, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Technology for generation of coloured images in television came up with three electron beams one for each additive primary colour (red, green, and blue).

Switching to Color

Televisions were black and white by design in the early days, with the first color televisions available by 1940. This early type of color television employed a rotating color disc as a stopgap solution to showing programming in its natural color. The designer of this innovation, John Logie Baird, was dissatisfied with the technology.

LCD or Plasma

Flat screen sets started to appear in the late 1990s. Their immediate advantage over CRT was space. They were also lighter, so could be mounted on a wall and came in bigger screen sizes.

But the choice between CRT and flat screen wasn’t straightforward - in the early 2000s you had the choice of two flat-panel technologies: LCD or Plasma.

LCD panels have a backlight made from CCFL lamps, which shine through a polarising filter and a matrix of colour liquid coloured crystal cells. Each cell lets in a different amount of colour creating a picture.

Digital Broadcasting

The most sweeping change since color television involved digital broadcasts. Rather than employing analog waveforms with distinct signals, digital employs multiplex signal to deliver more information in the same data stream.

From a technical standpoint, the analog signal relays images at 640 x 480, 480i, with a 4:3 ratio. The digital HD form includes enhanced 16:9 ratio options such as 1280 x 720, 720p, and 1920 x 1080, 1080i. Interlaced signals require half the bandwidth of progressive signals, because they do not separate images. Even the smallest digital signal cannot broadcast over an analog channel due to the heightened bandwidth demands.

3D

In the early 2010s 3D television was being pushed as the next big viewing trend, and not for the first time - over the last century there have been numerous experiments with 3D in cinema, such as House of Wax (1953) and Dial M for Murder (1954).

3D even made a comeback back on the huge success of 3D films like Avatar (2009), and that popularity was expected to translate into sales of 3D TVs.

But despite the efforts of manufacturers, 3D TV failed to capture the public’s imagination.

It wasn’t particularly comfortable to watch, you had to wear glasses and you needed to sit directly in front of the set to get the full benefits of the technology.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

ETIQUETTE AND MANNERS

Etiquette is a code of polite conduct based on social acceptance and efficiency. With the same logic as traffic laws that ensure smooth transportation flow and prevent collisions, so there are societal rules designed to facilitate positive human exchanges and reduce conflict. When you know the rules of etiquette for any given situation, it increases your comfort, confidence and competence, and by extension, the ease and comfort of people around you.

Manners are polite behaviors that reflect an attitude of consideration, kindness and respect for others. You may not have been taught how to make proper introductions, but a kind person knows better than to belittle or embarrass another person in public or private. A well-mannered person also remembers to say “Please” and “Thank you” and refrains from interrupting others in the middle of a conversation.

Choose your words wisely and don’t rush to comment about things you don’t know much about. Being a good listener is often better than speaking. You don’t need to have an opinion on everything.

Think things out before you speak, especially if you are a person who may be poor at finding the right words to say. Don’t start a sentence, with ‘ums’ and ‘ers’ in between, it seems awkward and you should try speaking to yourself in front of a mirror, it works! It increases your confident in speaking.

Timing is very important. Always keep to time when honoring a meeting, date, event,etc. When you show up late, it says so much about your personality and the kind of regard you show to important things.

Always take note of what you pick out of the refrigerator at the office; if you haven't kept some food or drink in there you have no business taking anything out. Leftovers should also be thrown away rather than getting the refrigerator stocked with junks.

Listening is very important. It doesn't mean you must keep mute during a conversation, but showing a keen interest in the discussion and interjecting at an appropriate timing depicts that you are on the same page as your partner. 

Do not swear to use filth language and curse words. It is unprofessional! People who do this are usually very immature and have no self-control or respect for themselves and others!

Good manners are simply respect and consideration for others or being aware of the needs of others. They are the oil which lubricates the friction of interpersonal relations and creates a happy and successful society. So, Give Respect and Take Respect!

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Difference between Journalism and Mass Communication

Journalism in a broad sense is all about news reporting whereas mass communication deals with different mediums of media to spread messages, information or entertain masses. Reporting in newspapers, magazines, T.V., radio or the digital mediums usually comes under journalism. And based on the different mediums, the field of journalism can be divided into three broad categories namely the print (i.e. the newspapers and magazines), electronic (i.e. T.V. and radio) and online journalism. So based on your interests you could even choose for a course specific to one of these mediums.

 As for mass communication, you could say that is an umbrella term for a wide variety of media fields such as that of theater, radio, T.V., film making, journalism, advertising, public relations and others. In short mass communication covers a broad area of media while journalism focuses only on news.

As the name itself suggests,  mass communication deals with a wider range of media to ‘communicate’ different stories, messages, facts or statistics to the public. Courses in advertising, film making, television, journalism, etc fall in this bracket.  Journalism on the other hand is specific to delivering news to public through mainly two platforms, i.e. print media or electronic media. Print media or print journalism largely covers newspapers and magazines while electronic journalism is the reporting of news through television and radio.

Of course with a vast array of opportunities and ideas coming up nowadays,  mass communication and journalism are further divided into a lot of different streams. So while choosing a course in these, keep your interests in mind and foray into this huge pool of opportunities.

Are you looking to make a career in the field of media, but with the plethora of courses available you are confused about which one to go for? Well, worry not for you are not the only student stuck in this dilemma. There are many aspiring media students who are unsure which field to go for. And most face this confusion between the two very popular courses namely the 'journalism' and 'mass communication.' Although both of them are quite interlinked media courses they lead to pretty different careers. And before you choose between one of them you need to understand which one of these is a better match to your career interests.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

Iaan

Types of Radio

Analog Radio

Analog radio consists of two main types: AM (amplitude modulation) and FM (frequency modulation). Analog radio station frequently feeds only one transmitter and referred to as an AM station or an FM station in the U.S. But it is quite possible for a station to feed both transmitters in a similar area, or to feed more than one transmitter covering different areas. In either case, AM or FM refers only to a particular transmitter and not to the entire station. The latter arrangement is becoming widespread throughout the U.S.

Satellite Radio

One of the newest forms of broadcasting, satellite radio is a commercial, subscription-based service that uses a network of satellites to transmit signals over wide areas. Unlike traditional AM and FM broadcasts, satellite radio is digitally encoded, requiring a special receiver. Even with the receiver, you cannot tune in unless you have a paid subscription; a computer chip in the receiver locks out any channels not paid for. Advantages of satellite radio include good sound quality, nationwide coverage and access to material that sidesteps the Federal Communications Commission's ban on profanity.

Walkie-Talkie

A walkie-talkie is a portable, handheld device that sends and receives radio signals, usually within a range of about a mile. Walkie-talkies are used by two or more people to communicate in situations where cell phone service is poor or unavailable, such as in remote locations or in buildings. Because walkie-talkies have low power and short range, you don't need a special license to operate them; they interfere little with other radio signals.

Amateur radio (ham radio)

Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is a hobby enjoyed by several hundred thousand people in the United States and by over a million people worldwide. Amateur radio operators call themselves "radio hams" or simply "hams."

To become a radio ham, you must pass an examination. Wireless amateur communication is done on numerous bands (relatively narrow frequency segments) extending from 1.8 MHz (a wavelength of about 160 meters) upwards through several hundred gigahertz (wavelengths in the millimeter range). There are several license classes. The more privileges a class of license conveys, the more difficult is the examination that one must pass to obtain it.

 Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

 

Persuasive Writing & Its steps

Persuasive writing provides the opportunity to convince someone to adopt a particular viewpoint. Below, we'll explore various persuasive writing examples designed to convince the reader to take a certain action. With these samples in mind, you'll be able to go on and write a most convincing persuasive essay.

As children mature as writers, it's important to give them the opportunity to write using a variety of formats. Persuasive writing helps students formulate specific reasons for their opinions, and provides an opportunity to research facts related to their opinions. As students develop an understanding of how writing can influence or change another's thoughts or actions, they can begin to understand the persuasive nature of the marketing they are exposed to through television, the Internet, and other media.

Persuasive Writing Techniques

Some useful steps for the Persuasive writing are mentioned here.

Prewriting the Persuasive Essay: Prewriting phase is important as during this period, students can plan their essay. They research on the topic and accumulate the important points of each topic by covering both positive and negative aspects. They chose their position for which they are going to advocate. Before starting a persuasive essay, students must understand the perspective of the readers. However, evidences matter a lot in the persuasive essay. Students should collect adequate information as well as supportive points for each topic.

Outline the Writing: Creating outline is essential as it gives each write up a convincing structure. Divide the entire write up into paragraphs and represent each point suitably. 

Drafting the Writing: The introductory paragraph should be well-written and attractive. Students can start their essay with a question or a quotation. An emphatic statement can be a first line of an essay. Additionally, each body paragraph should cover each point by maintaining a right sequence. Real facts, examples should be included in each body paragraph. Make the arguments engaging and impressive by incorporating relevant terms and background information. Moreover, statistics, quotes and examples are three important factors of each persuasive writing.

Revising the Write up: Revision is mandatory as through the revision process, students can evaluate their write up systematically. Keeping in mind the objective of the essay, students need to read each paragraph intensively. Supporting points should be clearly mentioned along with the example. In brief, revision is a space where students can rework on their pieces of writings.

Editing the Essay: Editing is necessary to correct the spelling and grammar of each writing. The style and clarity should be assessed thoroughly before publishing any kind of write up.

Publishing: Sharing the essay with the peers is interesting as well as challenging. Students should take the feedback positively to make their next writing even better. However, before publishing the write up, teachers’ suggestions are valuable for the students.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Principles of Photo Composition

Rule of thirds

Rule of thirds is a balancing technique you can apply when you are taking your image. To set it up you need to find the grid tool in your camera settings and turn it on. You will then be able to line up your three things. You should line up the main points of interest or focal point with the lines.

Center of interest

A photograph should have a strong focal point. Determine what it is before composing your photo.

Simplicity

 Keep compositions simple, avoiding busy background that distracts from a subject.

ramming a scene

Using a frame in a shot can alter the composition dramatically. It draws attention towards the focal point and fills unwanted space. It can be achieved simply by framing the outside or part of the outside of the photograph with natural (such as a cave or a tree canopy) or man-made (such as windows and archways) objects.

Close ups

When you take a photograph with a close up of an object it attracts and holds the viewer’s eye. It is quite a good way to make an impact or it can make even a common place object seem remarkable.

Experiment

Remember that these are just guidelines that you shouldn’t limit yourself to. These principles are just a guideline so feel free to do whatever you want with your picture.

Sometimes to take a great photograph all you need to do is add a different filter or use a weird lens. Use your imagination and remember a lot of photography is being at the right place at the right time to capture the moment.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN