Types of Radio

Analog Radio

Analog radio consists of two main types: AM (amplitude modulation) and FM (frequency modulation). Analog radio station frequently feeds only one transmitter and referred to as an AM station or an FM station in the U.S. But it is quite possible for a station to feed both transmitters in a similar area, or to feed more than one transmitter covering different areas. In either case, AM or FM refers only to a particular transmitter and not to the entire station. The latter arrangement is becoming widespread throughout the U.S.

Satellite Radio

One of the newest forms of broadcasting, satellite radio is a commercial, subscription-based service that uses a network of satellites to transmit signals over wide areas. Unlike traditional AM and FM broadcasts, satellite radio is digitally encoded, requiring a special receiver. Even with the receiver, you cannot tune in unless you have a paid subscription; a computer chip in the receiver locks out any channels not paid for. Advantages of satellite radio include good sound quality, nationwide coverage and access to material that sidesteps the Federal Communications Commission's ban on profanity.

Walkie-Talkie

A walkie-talkie is a portable, handheld device that sends and receives radio signals, usually within a range of about a mile. Walkie-talkies are used by two or more people to communicate in situations where cell phone service is poor or unavailable, such as in remote locations or in buildings. Because walkie-talkies have low power and short range, you don't need a special license to operate them; they interfere little with other radio signals.

Amateur radio (ham radio)

Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is a hobby enjoyed by several hundred thousand people in the United States and by over a million people worldwide. Amateur radio operators call themselves "radio hams" or simply "hams."

To become a radio ham, you must pass an examination. Wireless amateur communication is done on numerous bands (relatively narrow frequency segments) extending from 1.8 MHz (a wavelength of about 160 meters) upwards through several hundred gigahertz (wavelengths in the millimeter range). There are several license classes. The more privileges a class of license conveys, the more difficult is the examination that one must pass to obtain it.

 Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

 

Persuasive Writing & Its steps

Persuasive writing provides the opportunity to convince someone to adopt a particular viewpoint. Below, we'll explore various persuasive writing examples designed to convince the reader to take a certain action. With these samples in mind, you'll be able to go on and write a most convincing persuasive essay.

As children mature as writers, it's important to give them the opportunity to write using a variety of formats. Persuasive writing helps students formulate specific reasons for their opinions, and provides an opportunity to research facts related to their opinions. As students develop an understanding of how writing can influence or change another's thoughts or actions, they can begin to understand the persuasive nature of the marketing they are exposed to through television, the Internet, and other media.

Persuasive Writing Techniques

Some useful steps for the Persuasive writing are mentioned here.

Prewriting the Persuasive Essay: Prewriting phase is important as during this period, students can plan their essay. They research on the topic and accumulate the important points of each topic by covering both positive and negative aspects. They chose their position for which they are going to advocate. Before starting a persuasive essay, students must understand the perspective of the readers. However, evidences matter a lot in the persuasive essay. Students should collect adequate information as well as supportive points for each topic.

Outline the Writing: Creating outline is essential as it gives each write up a convincing structure. Divide the entire write up into paragraphs and represent each point suitably. 

Drafting the Writing: The introductory paragraph should be well-written and attractive. Students can start their essay with a question or a quotation. An emphatic statement can be a first line of an essay. Additionally, each body paragraph should cover each point by maintaining a right sequence. Real facts, examples should be included in each body paragraph. Make the arguments engaging and impressive by incorporating relevant terms and background information. Moreover, statistics, quotes and examples are three important factors of each persuasive writing.

Revising the Write up: Revision is mandatory as through the revision process, students can evaluate their write up systematically. Keeping in mind the objective of the essay, students need to read each paragraph intensively. Supporting points should be clearly mentioned along with the example. In brief, revision is a space where students can rework on their pieces of writings.

Editing the Essay: Editing is necessary to correct the spelling and grammar of each writing. The style and clarity should be assessed thoroughly before publishing any kind of write up.

Publishing: Sharing the essay with the peers is interesting as well as challenging. Students should take the feedback positively to make their next writing even better. However, before publishing the write up, teachers’ suggestions are valuable for the students.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Principles of Photo Composition

Rule of thirds

Rule of thirds is a balancing technique you can apply when you are taking your image. To set it up you need to find the grid tool in your camera settings and turn it on. You will then be able to line up your three things. You should line up the main points of interest or focal point with the lines.

Center of interest

A photograph should have a strong focal point. Determine what it is before composing your photo.

Simplicity

 Keep compositions simple, avoiding busy background that distracts from a subject.

ramming a scene

Using a frame in a shot can alter the composition dramatically. It draws attention towards the focal point and fills unwanted space. It can be achieved simply by framing the outside or part of the outside of the photograph with natural (such as a cave or a tree canopy) or man-made (such as windows and archways) objects.

Close ups

When you take a photograph with a close up of an object it attracts and holds the viewer’s eye. It is quite a good way to make an impact or it can make even a common place object seem remarkable.

Experiment

Remember that these are just guidelines that you shouldn’t limit yourself to. These principles are just a guideline so feel free to do whatever you want with your picture.

Sometimes to take a great photograph all you need to do is add a different filter or use a weird lens. Use your imagination and remember a lot of photography is being at the right place at the right time to capture the moment.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

How to write a lead sentence or paragraph

Determine your hook.

Look at the 5 Ws and 1 H. Why are readers clicking on this content? What problem are they trying to solve? What’s new or different? Determine which aspects are most relevant and important, and lead with that.

Be clear and succinct.

Simple language is best. Mark Twain said it best: “Don’t use a five-dollar word when a fifty-cent word will do.”

Address the reader as “you.”

This is the writer’s equivalent to breaking the fourth wall in theater, and while some editors will disagree with me on this one, I stand by it. People know you’re writing to them. Not only is it OK to address them as such, I think it helps create a personal connection with them.

Put attribution second.

What’s the nugget, the little gem you’re trying to impart? Put that information first, and then follow it up with who said it. The “according to” part is almost always secondary to what he or she actually said.

If you’re stuck, find a relevant stat.

If you’re trying to be clever or punchy or brilliant and it’s just not happening, search for an interesting stat related to your topic and lead with that. This is especially effective if the stat is unusual or unexpected, as in, “A whopping 80 percent of Americans are in debt.”

Borrow this literary tactic.

Every good story has these three elements: a hero we relate to, a challenge (or villain) we fear, and an ensuing struggle. Find these elements in the story you’re writing and lead with one of those.

When you’re staring at a blank screen.

Just start. Start writing anything. Start in the middle of your story. Once you begin, you can usually find your lead buried a few paragraphs down in this “get-going” copy. Your lead is in there — you just need to cut away the other stuff first.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Types of Documentary

Expository Documentary

Expository Documentaries are the closest relatable to the term ‘Documentaries’. It is contrasting to the poetic documentaries in a way that expository documentaries intend to persuade or inform. It is bereft of ambivalent or poetic eloquence. This form consists the television and Ken Burns style.

Experimental Documentary:

Documentaries that donʼt easily fit any of the other categories. Often they drawon allied art forms (painting, dance, sculpture, photography, etc.) and can even incorporate elements of fiction.

Participatory Documentaries

Participatory Documentaries, while having elements of Observational and Expository, include the filmmaker within the narrative. This could be as minor as the filmmaker’s voice being heard behind the camera, prodding subjects with questions or cues — all the way to the filmmaker directly influencing the major actions of the narrative.

Reflexive Documentary

Reflexive Documentaries are familiar to participatory documentaries in a way that they also comprise the film-maker with the particular film. However, they make no effort to investigate an outside subject, unlike the participatory documentaries. Their aim is mainly to focus on themselves.

Per formative Documentaries

Per formative Documentaries are an experimental combination of styles used to stress subject experience and share an emotional response to the world. They often connect personal accounts or experience juxtaposed with larger political or historical issues. This has sometimes been called the “Michael Moore” style, as he often uses his own personal stories as a way to construct social truths (without having to argue the validity of their experiences).

 Poetic Documentary

Their main aim is to focus on experience, images and shows people the world from a different set of viewpoint. They are mainly loose and abstract depicting a kind of feeling rather than the truth. It is individualistic and experimental in form.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Advantages of Mobile Phones

1. Communication

Mobile phones provide the means to communicate with friends, family, coworkers, and indeed most of the world's population instantly. Unlike previous communication devices, they can be on hand for the caller at all times and used in any place where there is a signal.

2. Fashion and Self-Expression

Choosing which model of phone to carry, customizing things like the ringtone, or buying a more personal phone cover have all become a means of self-expression for mobile phone owners, informing others what sort of person you are.

3. Entertainment

As long you have your mobile phone, there is no reason to get bored There are a multitude of games to download and play, you can read an online article, or get involved with social media to pass time. Smartphone’s allow video watching, as well as listening to radio, podcasts, or music. Plus, if you attend a real life event, you can often store your ticket on your phone to display at the door.

4. Safety

Regarding the case on advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones, advantages accrued from having a phone go much behold the intentional ones. When traveling or going for a hike, your mobile phone offers entertainment and company. But think of it as a safety gadget. When you forget your direction back home or even get hijacked, a mobile phone GPRS can help you trace your way home or help authorities to locate you respectively. Lastly, if any emergency situation happens like an accident or a car breakdown, you can call for rescue or help.

5. Alarm & reminder

You can manage a to-do list using your mobile phones reminder option. Additionally, if you are planning to wake up early in the morning, you can set the alarm with a volume and notification sound of choice. This will help you wake up early enough and avoid being later for your meeting, class or any scheduled activity.

6. Various utilities

Your phone is not only a call, entertainment or data transfer gadget. There are other utility tips of these devices. A mobile phone can act as a torch, a recording device, data storage, calculator, calendar, camera, and many other utility features.

7. Legal Situations

Sometimes you will face the legal issues in your life. These issues can be solved by mobile with proof of call recording or SMS data recovery.

8. Alarm Notes & Reminder

Wants to go office early in the morning but you are always late, Alarm is the best solution for this problem. You can also add notes and reminders in your mobile phones in the favor of your help.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Characteristics of a Good Reporter

Regardless of the news subject, news value or format and technology that delivers the information, someone must gather the facts and organize them to tell the story. 

That person is called a reporter, and good reporters have some common characteristics that make them effective.

The most important characteristic of a reporter is ethical behavior. When a reporter fails to operate according to a strong ethical and moral code of behavior, that one individual's failing can damage the overall credibility of the news media in long-term, serious ways.

1. Exhibit broad curiosity; eagerly adapt to new technologies and platforms.

2. Think about multiple audiences.

3. Work hard to create context for their audiences.

4. Smartly balance their time on story choices and audience interactions.

5. Spend considerable time building relationships with sources, readers.

6. Build connections and teamwork within their own newsrooms.

7. Find their own way and direct their own work.

Reporters must also show flexibility. Those who want the routine of 9 to 5 desk job should the world of television news. Few reporters, editors and producer work Monday through Friday during normal business hours, and as your career advances, you'll probably work a variety of schedules that may include weekends. 

Newsroom personnel must be able to change plans in an instant and make the change with a positive attitude. You may  be on your way to cover a council meeting and be  diverted to the scene of an accident. You may have dressed for a live shot in front of a theater and find yourself trudging through mud during a driving rain. Reporters and photographers work in a variety of settings and meet and interview all types of people. Although some days in the newsroom are routine, most days are not, requiring a person to be flexible.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN

Difference between linear and nonlinear editing

Linear Editing is a process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in a pre-determined, ordered sequence – from start to finish. Linear editing is most commonly used when working with videotape. Unlike film, videotape cannot be physically cut into pieces to be spliced together to create a new order. Instead, the editor must dub or record each desired video clip onto a master tape.For example, let’s say an editor has three source tapes; A, B and C and he decided that he would use tape C first, B second and A third. He would then start by cutting up tape C to the beginning of the clip he wants to use, then as he plays tape C, it would also be simultaneously recording the clip onto a master tape. When the desired clip from tape C is done, the recording is stopped. Then the whole process is repeated with tapes B and A. 

 There was alternative starting to emerge - almost a rejection of the strict time code rules of linear editing and going back to the freedom of cutting actual film - a system that would eventually be called Non-Linear editing. Non linear editing was nondestructive. You could assemble a cut in whatever order you wanted and go back and make changes without disturbing the rest of the assembly. There was no generation loss that you had with linear editing that required you to copy from one tape to another. It was a much more natural way of editing. 

Nonlinear editing differs from linear editing in several ways. 

First, video from the sources is recorded to the editing computer’s hard drive or RAID array prior to the edit session. 

Transitions can be placed between the segments. Also, most of the video editing programs have some sort of CG or character generator feature built in for lower-thirds or titles. 

The work-in-progress can be viewed at any time during the edit in real time. Once the edit is complete, it is finally laid to video. 

Non-linear video editing removes the need to lay down video in real time. It also allows the individual doing the editing to make changes at any point without affecting the rest of the edit.

Happy Learning!

Anamika Gupta

IAAN 

मीडिया में अपना करियर कैसे शुरू करें?

आज के समय में एक पत्रकार होने के साथ-साथ चुनौतीपूर्ण करियर विकल्प भी अधिक रोमांचक हो सकते हैं। यदि आपने अभी-अभी अपने सीनियर स्कूल के एग्जाम क्लियर किए हैं और ट्रेडिशनल के अलावा करियर ऑप्शन की तलाश कर रहे हैं। मास कम्युनिकेशन आपके लिए एक हो सकता है। शुरू करने के लिए, आपको अपने आसपास के सर्वश्रेष्ठ मीडिया कॉलेज का पता लगाना होगा और जनसंचार में अपना स्नातक पाठ्यक्रम शुरू करना होगा। हालाँकि, बैचलर ऑफ आर्ट्स इन मास कम्युनिकेशन / मास मीडिया / जर्नलिज्म से पाठ्यक्रम का नाम अलग-अलग हो सकता है लेकिन पाठ्यक्रम कमोबेश एक ही है। नई दिल्ली में किसी एक को ढूंढना बेहतर है क्योंकि अधिकांश प्रमुख समाचार चैनलों के दिल्ली एनसीआर में मुख्य कार्यालय हैं

दिल्ली में बस Google के शीर्ष 10 मीडिया संस्थान हैं और आप जाने के लिए तैयार हैं। एक राउंड लें और सर्वश्रेष्ठ बुनियादी ढांचे की तलाश करें जिसमें रेडियो लैब, न्यूज रूम, स्टूडियो, वीडियो एडिटिंग लैब, कंप्यूटर लैब जैसी व्यावहारिक प्रयोगशालाएं हों और संकाय का अनुभव हो। यह घातक संयोजन निश्चित रूप से आपको मीडिया की सबसे अच्छी शिक्षा प्रदान करेगा ताकि आप डिग्री के अंतिम वर्ष तक पहुँचते ही आसानी से मीडिया हाउस के काम को समझ सकें

भले ही आपने अलग-अलग डोमेन में स्नातक किया हो, लेकिन अब जनसंचार / मीडिया / पत्रकारिता में रुचि विकसित की हो, चिंता न करें, आप मास्टर डिग्री प्रोग्राम में शामिल हो सकते हैं। मास्टर प्रोग्राम में दाखिला लेने के लिए मास कम्युनिकेशन / मीडिया / मास मीडिया / जर्नलिज्म में अंडर ग्रेजुएट डिग्री करने का कोई प्रतिबंध नहीं है

तो आप किसका इंतज़ार कर रहे हैं?

Apply now. www.iaan.org

Anamika Gupta

IAAN